How the World Economy Works
A systems guide to production, labour, trade, finance, states and shocks.
Source-first economic explanation
Understand what changed in the world economy—and how to interpret it.
Official releases, compatible definitions, transparent revisions, original comparison tools and long-run context.
Start with the right question
The History of the World Economy
A global, source-rich account of the institutions and transformations that shaped it.
Indicator definitions
Check whether two figures can actually be compared before drawing a conclusion.
Method explainers
Nominal GDP vs Real GDP vs PPP
Choose the right basis for measuring growth, market value and purchasing power.
Trade Balance vs Current Account
Understand goods, services, income and transfers in external accounts.
Why GDP Revisions Happen
Why serious statistical systems revise estimates and historical data.
Why Economic Forecasts Change
Compare forecast vintages, assumptions, scenarios and revisions.
How Economic Shocks Spread
Map the trade, finance, commodity and supply-chain channels of a shock.